Difference and consistency of corneal refractive power and astigmatism in cataract patients measured by CASIA2 and IOL Master 700 / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the difference and consistency of corneal refractive power and astigmatism measured by CASIA2 and IOL Master 700 in patients with age-related cataract.METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 153 patients(232 eyes)with age-related cataract admitted to Daping hospital from November to December 2021 were selected. The flat keratometry(Kf), steep keratometry(Ks), mean keratometry(Km), degree and axis of astigmatism(vector representation J0 and J45)of the anterior, posterior surfaces together with the total cornea from cataract patients were measured by CASIA2 and IOL Master 700, respectively. The difference, correlation and consistency of the two instruments were analyzed.RESULTS:There was no significant difference in J45 values of posterior corneal surface measured by CASIA2 and IOL Master 700(-0.006±0.038D vs. -0.005±0.044D, P>0.05), but there were significant differences in other parameters(all P<0.05). All parameters measured by the two instruments were significantly positive correlated(all r/rs>0.7, P<0.001); Bland-Altman analysis showed that the refractive power and astigmatism of the anterior cornea surface measured by the two facilities were in good consistency, while the refractive power of the posterior surface and the whole cornea showed poor consistency.CONCLUSION: CASIA2 and IOL Master 700 showed little differences and good consistency in the refractive power and astigmatism of the anterior, posterior and total corneal surface in cataract patients, which seems interchangeable. However, the refractive power of the posterior surface and the whole cornea has significant differences and poor consistency, which should not be interchange casually.

The feasibility of indwelling ureteral stent for a short time after uncomplicated retrograde intrarenal stone surgery / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To study the feasibility of indwelling ureteral stent for a short time (72 hours) in patients after uncomplicated retrograde intrarenal stone surgery(RIRS).Methods:The clinical data of 58 patients who underwent uncomplicated flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy in Xuancheng People's Hospital from October 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to indwelling time of ureteral stent after surgery, the patients were divided into two groups. There were 26 cases indwelling within 72 hours after operation, named as the observation group, and 32 cases indwelling for about 3 weeks after operation, named as the control group. There was no significant difference in gender [male/female: 14/12 vs. 21/11], age [(43.4 ± 10.2) vs. (43.9 ± 11.9) years old], affected side [left/right: 17/9 vs. 20/12], and maximum diameter of stones [(9.3 ± 1.8) mm vs. (9.7 ± 1.9) mm] between the observation group and the control group. All patients in the two groups underwent unilateral ureteroscopic lithotripsy under general anesthesia. The stone removal rate, recovery of water accumulation and incidence of postoperative complications in the first and third months after the surgery were compared.Results:There was no statistical difference between the observation group and the control group in the stone removal rate [100.0% (26/26) vs. 96.9% (31/32)] and recovery of hydronephrosis [100.0% (26/26) vs. 96.9% (31/32)] at the first month after surgery. All the stones were removed and all the hydronephrosis recovery in the two groups at the 3rd month after surgery. The rates of postoperative lumbar and abdominal pain [3.9% (1/26) vs. 28.1% (9/32)], carnal hematuria [3.9% (1/26) vs. 59.4% (19/32)], urinary tract infection [0 vs. 15.6% (5/32)], and bladder irritation [0 vs. 68.8% (22/32)] in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Indwelling a ureteral stent for a short time (72 hours) after uncomplicated RIRS does not affect the surgical effect and does reduce the risk of complications as well as promote rapid postoperative recovery.

The SACT Template: A Human Brain Diffusion Tensor Template for School-age Children / 神经科学通报·英文版

School-age children are in a specific development stage corresponding to juvenility, when the white matter of the brain experiences ongoing maturation. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI), especially diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), is extensively used to characterize the maturation by assessing white matter properties in vivo. In the analysis of DWI data, spatial normalization is crucial for conducting inter-subject analyses or linking the individual space with the reference space. Using tensor-based registration with an appropriate diffusion tensor template presents high accuracy regarding spatial normalization. However, there is a lack of a standardized diffusion tensor template dedicated to school-age children with ongoing brain development. Here, we established the school-age children diffusion tensor (SACT) template by optimizing tensor reorientation on high-quality DTI data from a large sample of cognitively normal participants aged 6-12 years. With an age-balanced design, the SACT template represented the entire age range well by showing high similarity to the age-specific templates. Compared with the tensor template of adults, the SACT template revealed significantly higher spatial normalization accuracy and inter-subject coherence upon evaluation of subjects in two different datasets of school-age children. A practical application regarding the age associations with the normalized DTI-derived data was conducted to further compare the SACT template and the adult template. Although similar spatial patterns were found, the SACT template showed significant effects on the distributions of the statistical results, which may be related to the performance of spatial normalization. Looking forward, the SACT template could contribute to future studies of white matter development in both healthy and clinical populations. The SACT template is publicly available now ( https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/SACT_template/14071283 ).

Mapping Domain- and Age-Specific Functional Brain Activity for Children’s Cognitive and Affective Development / 神经科学通报·英文版

The human brain undergoes rapid development during childhood, with significant improvement in a wide spectrum of cognitive and affective functions. Mapping domain- and age-specific brain activity patterns has important implications for characterizing the development of children’s cognitive and affective functions. The current mainstay of brain templates is primarily derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and thus is not ideal for mapping children’s cognitive and affective brain development. By integrating task-dependent functional MRI data from a large sample of 250 children (aged 7 to 12) across multiple domains and the latest easy-to-use and transparent preprocessing workflow, we here created a set of age-specific brain functional activity maps across four domains: attention, executive function, emotion, and risky decision-making. Moreover, we developed a toolbox named Developmental Brain Functional Activity maps across multiple domains that enables researchers to visualize and download domain- and age-specific brain activity maps for various needs. This toolbox and maps have been released on the Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse website (http://www.nitrc.org/projects/dbfa). Our study provides domain- and age-specific brain activity maps for future developmental neuroimaging studies in both healthy and clinical populations.

One family with osteosclerosis caused by D111Y mutation in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 gene / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinical features and pathogenic genes of a family with osteosclerosis.@*Methods@#Six patients and six family members from a family in Jiangsu were tested for biochemical parameters, bone metabolic markers, bone mineral density, thoracolumbar anterior lateral slices, skull positive lateral radiographs, and pelvic plain films. Meanwhile, Sanger sequencing was performed to detect gene mutations of the proband and five other family members with high bone mass. The conformation of the mutational low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) protein was predicted by SWISS-MODEL.@*Results@#Four adult patients (one male and three females) were tall, with mandibular enlargement and kyphosis in the center of the lower jaw, and none of the four had fractures. Their X ray examination revealed that the skull and long bone cortex was thickened, while the sella and mandible was enlarged. In addition, the absolute values of bone mineral density at each site of all patients were significantly higher as compared with the standard age- and sex-matched adults or adolescent mean reference values, with Z scores of L2-4, femoral neck and total hip being (6.31±4.03) SD, (6.56±2.36) SD, and (7.19±2.03) SD, respectively. The results of genetic sequencing revealed that all six patients carried a heterozygous mutation (c.331G>T; D111Y) in exon 2 of LRP5 gene, while other family members showed wild type (c.331G>G; D111D). Functional prediction indicated that this mutation was located at the amino acid terminal of exon 2 of LRP5 gene, which encodes the first β-helix-generating region of LRP5 protein.@*Conclusion@#The D111Y mutation in LRP5 gene leads to a clinical phenotype characterized by benign increased bone mineral density without increasing the risk of fracture. This mutation may further affect the downstream Wnt signaling pathway by altering the spatial structure of LRP5 protein, thereby promoting maturation and differentiation of osteoblasts and resulting in osteosclerosis.

One family with osteosclerosis caused by D111Y mutation in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 gene / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and pathogenic genes of a family with osteosclerosis.Methods:Six patients and six family members from a family in Jiangsu were tested for biochemical parameters, bone metabolic markers, bone mineral density, thoracolumbar anterior lateral slices, skull positive lateral radiographs, and pelvic plain films. Meanwhile, Sanger sequencing was performed to detect gene mutations of the proband and five other family members with high bone mass. The conformation of the mutational low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) protein was predicted by SWISS-MODEL.Results:Four adult patients (one male and three females) were tall, with mandibular enlargement and kyphosis in the center of the lower jaw, and none of the four had fractures. Their X ray examination revealed that the skull and long bone cortex was thickened, while the sella and mandible was enlarged. In addition, the absolute values of bone mineral density at each site of all patients were significantly higher as compared with the standard age- and sex-matched adults or adolescent mean reference values, with Z scores of L2-4, femoral neck and total hip being (6.31±4.03) SD, (6.56±2.36) SD, and (7.19±2.03) SD, respectively. The results of genetic sequencing revealed that all six patients carried a heterozygous mutation (c.331G>T; D111Y) in exon 2 of LRP5 gene, while other family members showed wild type (c.331G>G; D111D). Functional prediction indicated that this mutation was located at the amino acid terminal of exon 2 of LRP5 gene, which encodes the first β-helix-generating region of LRP5 protein.Conclusion:The D111Y mutation in LRP5 gene leads to a clinical phenotype characterized by benign increased bone mineral density without increasing the risk of fracture. This mutation may further affect the downstream Wnt signaling pathway by altering the spatial structure of LRP5 protein, thereby promoting maturation and differentiation of osteoblasts and resulting in osteosclerosis.

Research progress on the mutual effects between brown adipose tissue and bone / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) increases energy consumption by directly dissipating stored energy in the form of heat through the role of uncoupling protein (UCP1). Recent studies have found that brown adipocytes may also regulate metabolism through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine mechanisms. A growing body of evidences have shown that the BAT has a close relationship with bone metabolism, in which BAT secretes a variety of factors to regulate bone metabolism, while bone also secretes a variety of bioactive substances to control BAT function. In addition, BAT may indirectly participate in bone metabolism through muscle-mediated regulation or SNS activity and improvement of body metabolism, thus forming a BAT-skeletal axis. In this paper, we try to explain the relationship between brown adipose tissue and bone, and to discuss their interactive mechanisms.

Application of blended learning mode based on SPOC in teaching diseases screening session for preventive medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective Based on small private online course (SPOC), the flipped classroom that integrates various teaching models can combine the advantages of different methods, which needs to be further discussed and practiced in the university classroom, especially in medical education. Methods This study took two classes of grade three majoring in clinical medicine as targets to apply the team-based learning and flipped classroom based on SPOC in the course of diseases screening for preventive medicine. We prepared teaching video, proposed questions, assigned student discussions, and carried out online communications before the classes. During the classes, we organized small tests, and applied team-based reports, discussions and teachers' evaluation. The responses of students were collected by questionnaires after the classes. We evaluated the teaching effectiveness basing on questionnaire results. Chi-square test and Fisher exact test were performed in the analysis of impact factors on students' preferred learning mode. Results We received 81 effective questionnaires. A total of 75.31％ students (61/81) thought the blended learning mode was interesting. Majority (93.83％, 76/81) of them believed this type of learning was helpful to understand the concept. Comparing with traditional classroom, students who felt interesting were more likely to choose the blended learning mode, and the difference was of statistical significance ( χ2=6.01, P=0.028). Students who felt helpful and spent less time in preparation preferred the blended learning mode. Conclusion Blended learning mode avoids many disadvantages of traditional classroom and can improve learners' interest, motivation and sense of participation, providing an effective way to improve the quality of medical education.

Exposure to Radon and Kidney Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Epidemiological Studies / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the possible association between radon exposure and kidney cancer.@*METHODS@#We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis based on random effect models to provide a pooled association measure.@*RESULTS@#We subjected 8 studies (overall relative risks and 95% confidence intervals: 1.01, 0.72 to 1.43, I2 = 64.4%) to meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis revealed a marginally significant association between radon exposure and kidney cancer in studies conducted in Europe. Two population-based studies provided no evidence for the increased risk of kidney cancer in the general population.@*CONCLUSION@#The association between radon and kidney cancer remains unclear but cannot be excluded because of its biological plausibility and the limited number and quality of existing studies. Additional data from the general population and well-designed miner cohort studies are needed to reveal the real relationship between radon exposure and kidney cancer.

To achieve the goal of universal health management through governan ce for health / 上海预防医学

Governance for health was defined as the activities taken by central government, local authorities, and pertinent departments, to guide the social organizations, enterprises and public, in the pursuit of health and wellbeing, in an integral approach.This article states the fundamental theories of governance for health, and its relationship to“Health China”.It emphasizes that under the leadership of the government, governance for health should establish a platform for participation and a mechanism for equal consultation and cooperation by multi-stakeholders, in order to ensure all participation and all co-sharing.In addition, the article also introduces the concept of universal health management, and illustrates the practical issues needs to be considered in implementing universal health management, from three dimensions of breadth, depth and height.“Breadth” means health management should cover all people in the country and the whole life of people.“Depth” means quality suppliers of health management should provide a list of health management services based on evidence with various packages.“Height” means in order to achieve the effectiveness of health management services, the budget should be secured and shared among the government, the enterprises and the individuals, with agreed percentage.

Clinical Study on the Effect of Electroacupuncture on Topical Weight Loss in Simple Obesity Patients Based on the Analysis of Human Body Components / 上海针灸杂志

ObjectiveBy using the human body component analyzer, to compare the effects between conventional acupuncture and topical aligned needling on topical weight loss in simple obesity patients.MethodSixty patients with simple obesity were randomized into a treatment group (topical aligned needling plus conventional point selection) and a control group (conventional point selection), 30 cases in each group. The Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat ratio (FAT), visceral fat area, local fat quality (upper limbs, body trunk, and lower limbs), water quality, protein quality, and inorganic salt quality were observed before treatment and after 3 treatment courses.ResultThe BMI, FAT, visceral fat area, and local fat quality were significantly changed after treatment in both groups (P0.05). According to the independent samples t-test, the decreases of BMI, FAT, visceral fat area, and local fat quality in the treatment group were more significant than that in the control group (P<0.01).ConclusionThe treatment group can produce a more significant effect than the control group in reducing the BMI, FAT, visceral fat area, and local fat quality; while thetwo groups are equal to each other in improving water quality, protein quality, and inorganic salt quality.

Identification of the genus and species of the dacryocystitis-causing bacteria by 16S rRNA gene / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Dacryocystitis is one of the most common infectious eye diseases.The gold standard for the identification of bacteria causing dacryocystitis is bacterial culture.The combination of regular culture method with molecular biology techeniques will generate more reliable results.However,very few research data are available in ophthalmological studies in this area.Objective This study was to identify the genera and species of the dacryocystitis-causing bacteria by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA sequences.Methods Ten cases of qualified standardized bacteria samples were taken,and the nucleic acids were released in the heating process of the PCR procedure.The 16S rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced,and the genera and species were identified using BLAST from GenBank,and the results were used to compare with the results from biochemical identification to test the reliability of this method.The cultured bacterial species from the lacrimal sac secretions from 30 cases of dacryocystitis patients were identified with the above method.Results The outcome of the PCR identification for the 10 cases of quality control standard bacterial specimens was consistent with the results from the biochemical identification.The identification of the 30 cases of dacryocystitis through sequencing the 16S rRNA revealed there were 13 cases of Staphylococcus epidermidis infection,2 cases of Staphylococcus warneri infection,1 case of Staphylococcus hominis infection,5 cases of Corynebacterium macginleyi infection,3 cases of Streptococcus pneumonia infection,2 cases of Bacillus cereus infection,1 case of Micrococcus luteus infection,1 case of Moraxella catarrhalis infection,1 case of Moraxella osloensis infection and 1 case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.Conclusions Sequencing the 16S rRNA is an accurate and specific way for the identification of the genera and species of bacteria that cause dacryocystitis in patients.This sequencing method is feasible in monitoring a variety of dacryocystitis-causing pathogens.More information and epidemiological statistics about dacryocystitis can be obtained from 16S rRNA sequencing.

Evaluation of awareness of hypertension prevention and treatment knowledge before and after intensive training in physicians from hospitals at different levels in Xinjiang / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To investigate awareness of hypertension prevention and treatment knowledge in physicians from hospitals at varied levels in Xinjiang. Methods In total, 150 voluntary physicians were selected randomly from hospitals at varied levels in Xinjiang for an anonymous close-book baseline survey on hypertension knowledge with questionnaire. Then, an intensive training on hypertension prevention and treatment based on Guidelines on Prevention and Treatment for Hypertension in China was offered for them.After training, another survey was conducted among them with the same questionnaire to examine improvement in their awareness of hypertension prevention and treatment knowledge and evaluate effectiveness of the training. Results At baseline, 89. 3 percent (134/150) of physicians could correctly know diagnostic criteria for hypertension, 78. 3 percent ( 18/23 ) of them from primary-care hospitals, and 52. 0 percent (78/150) could correctly know level of blood pressure under control, only 34. 8 percent (8/23) of them from primary-care hospitals. Only 67 (44. 7% ) physicians surveyed could know criteria for non-antihypertensive drug treatment, 27 of then from secondary-care hospitals and nine from primary-care ones, significant less in that among those from tertiary-care ones ( 88. 6%, 31/35 ) ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). After training, their awareness of hypertension prevention and treatment knowledge improved significantly ( P ＜0. 01). Conclusions Awareness of hypertension prevention and treatment knowledge differed considerably in physicians from hospitals at varied levels, poorer in those from primary-care hospitals, and more importance should be attached to them, especially to those from primary-care hospitals.

Comparison of low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Kazaks and Mongolians from Xinjiang pastoral area / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the serum levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in Kazaks and Mongolians from Xinjiang pastoral area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A randomized cluster sampling was performed to obtain a representative sample of population in Xinjiang Hefeng pastoral area. Blood was taken from 632 individuals aged 30 and older for measurements of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) by automatic biochemical analyzer. The serum levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated according to the formula.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean serum level of LDL-C was significantly higher in Kazaks [(3.68 +/- 1.16) mmol/L] than that in Mongolians [(3.29 +/- 1.23) mmol/L, P < 0.001]. The serum levels of LDL-C in Kazaks were significantly associated with mean artery pressure. The serum levels of LDL-C in Mongolians were significantly associated with body mass index.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The serum levels of LDL-C were higher in Kazaks compared that in Mongolians in Xinjiang pastoral area.</p>

Establishment and Application of Biochemistry Flash Animation Database / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Aiming at the characteristics of biochemistry and the special advantage of flash and basing on teaching practice,we set up a set of biochemistry flash animation database,providing a series of immediate flashes and being applied to teaching practice of biochemistry,which shows the great potential of flash in improving biochemistry teaching quality.

Effects of antioxidation and ceramide of improved prescription of didang-tang (IPDT) on exprimental atherosclerosis rabbits / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of antioxidation and ceramide content of improved prescription of Didang-tang (IPDT) on exprimental atherosclerosis(AS) rabbits.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Plasm Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) activity was detected with micro-content fast detecting method, Plasm Malondialdehyde(MDA) content with improved BaMuGuoFu method, and Aortic Ceramide (CER) content with thinlayer scanning.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>IPDT could effectivly improve plasma SOD activity and decrease plasma MDA content and decrease aortic CER content.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IPDT on exprimental AS is related to the improvement of antioxidation and decrease of CER content.</p>

A Study of the inhibitory effect of a recombinant CEA vaccinia virus inocnlation on mouse CEA positive tumor / 细胞与分子免疫学杂志

Aim To explore antitumor mechanism of a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the human CEA-cDNA (rV-CEA). Methods C57/BL mice were immunized three times with rV-CEA. Six weeks later, the macrophages(MΦ s)and splenocytes from rV-CEA-immunized donors were transferred to CEA＋ -HePa tnmor-bearing recipients,Meanwhile, the antitumor effects of these donor's MΦ s and splenocytes and that of the recipient's splenocytes were detected in vitro. Results The MΦ s and splenocytes from rV-CEA-immunized donors possessed strong antitumor activity in CEA-positive tumor-bearing recipients. The in vitro antitumor effect of splenocytes from mice inoculated with MΦ s from rV-CEA-immunized donors were markedly stronger than those from W-VV-immunized donors. However,the in vitro antitumor effect of the MΦ s from rV-CEA-immunized donors was the same as those from W-VV-immunized donors. Conclusion It is demonstrated that antitumor activity induced with rV-CEA may be mediated mainly by antigen present cells (the MΦ s), which activated tumor-specific T cells to kill tumor cells.

A study of the mechanism of the effect of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing human cartcinoembryonic antigen on CEA positive tumor / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explore antitumor mechanism of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing human carcinomembryonic antigen(rV CEA).Methods:C57bl/6 mice were immunized three times with rV CEA.Six weeks later,the splenocytes from rV CEA immunized donors were adoptively tranfered in sublethally irradiated CEA + HePa bearing recipients,meanwhile the antiumor effect of the donor splencytes in virtro was detected.Results:Splenocytes from rV CEA immunized donors expressed strong antiumor activity in CEA positive tumorbearing recipients,whereas W VV immunized and nonimmune donor cell did not.The antiumor activity was abolished when immune T cells were depleted before splencytes transfer.Conclusion:It was demonstrated that antiumor acivity induced by rV CEA was essentially mediated by immune T cells which were activated by CEA specific immune response.Adoptive immunotherapy strategies may have implications for both the study of rV CEA and the development of potential clinical applications for tumor immunotherapy.